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All about Ravebo Gas Scrubbers

Discover how gas Scrubbers work, their benefits, and more

Welcome to our FAQ page! Here, you’ll find answers to the most common questions about our scrubbers, from how they work, until how they can benefit you.. Whether you’re new to scrubber technology or a returning customer, this section is designed to provide clear and comprehensive information to help you make informed decisions. If you don’t find the answer to your question here, feel free to reach out to our Support Team – we're here to help!

FAQ

What is a wet gas scrubber?
A gas washer, also known as a gas scrubber or gas cleaning system, is an essential device used to remove impurities, contaminants, and pollutants from industrial gases. By passing the gas through a liquid medium, the gas washer absorbs or neutralizes harmful substances, resulting in cleaner, safer gases suitable for release or further use in manufacturing, energy production, and environmental applications. Ideal for industries focused on air quality and emissions control, gas washers improve compliance with environmental standards while enhancing operational safety.
How does a wet gas scrubber operate?
A wet gas scrubber efficiently removes impurities from industrial gases using a mix of gas and liquid in a controlled washing chamber. In this process, gas flows into the chamber and contacts a liquid—often water, a chemical solution, or an apolar liquid—dissolving or reacting with contaminants. This method purifies gases before they’re emitted into the atmosphere or undergo further processing. The efficiency of a wet gas scrubber depends on factors like gas and liquid flow rates, washing chamber design, gas-liquid contact surface, operating temperature, and contaminant type. Discover how wet gas scrubbers can enhance air quality and meet environmental standards.
Where are wet scrubbers used?
Scrubbers can be implemented in any context where industrial pollutants are removed from exhaust gases through absorption. Their operation is straightforward, with minimal maintenance requirements.
Can you remove CO2 with wet scrubbers?
In certain applications, specific dosing additives in scrubbers facilitate targeted absorbent formation, enabling CO2 emissions reduction when process conditions are optimized. However, this process is complex and incurs higher operational costs compared to conventional absorption methods due to the use of specialized absorbents.
How do Ravebo scrubbers help in reducing harmful gas emissions?
Pollutants in exhaust gases from the production process are removed through absorption using a washing liquid. This enables manufacturing companies, even those typically denied an environmental permit due to emissions, to continue operations.
Are Ravebo scrubbers environmentally sustainable?
Scrubbers are a highly sustainable solution for removing pollutants from exhaust streams. With remarkably low energy consumption, extended lifespan, no need for consumables, and recyclable construction materials, scrubbers are an efficient and eco-friendly choice.
What regulatory standards do Ravebo scrubbers meet?
Firstly, scrubbers are characterized as Best Available Techniques (BAT) as stipulated by the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) and described in the reference documents BREF as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive 2010/75/EU. Furthermore, the Ravebo scrubber possesses a CE declaration, the electrical installation complies with NEN-EN-IEC 60204-1 standards, and it can be equipped with ATEX 2014/34/EU certification.
How to clean contaminated gas?
To clean contaminated gas, first identify the specific gas type and contaminants present. Then, apply suitable cleaning methods such as filtration, chemical treatment, or tailored purification techniques. Ensure that the cleaning process complies with safety regulations and environmental standards to avoid adverse effects.
How does scrubber technology impact operational costs?
The operational costs of scrubbers are among the lowest in gas purification technologies. Scrubbers with an open spray system offer exceptionally low energy expenses and require minimal maintenance.
How does Ravebo ensure scrubber efficiency and low maintenance?
Ravebo scrubbers are designed around an open spray system, meaning no packing materials are used. This design results in very low-pressure loss, resistance to fouling, reduced energy costs, and minimal maintenance requirements.
Which industries benefit most from using Ravebo scrubbers?
A gas scrubber can be utilized across various industries. Any company emitting gas and requiring emission-reducing measures can use a scrubber, as long as the components to be removed are suitable for elimination through absorption.
What is the difference between a dust filter and a wet gas scrubber?
The primary difference between a filter and a gas scrubber lies in their mechanisms and applications. Filters remove particulate matter from fluids or gases using physical barriers to capture solid particles. In contrast, a wet gas scrubber removes pollutants from gas flows through liquid-based absorption. While both devices purify, they target different contaminants with distinct methods.
What is mass transfer in wet gas scrubbers?
Mass transfer between divergent phases, or liquid-gas integration, is the key parameter for scrubber efficiency. Effective separation requires thorough contact between the washing liquid and waste gas contaminants. Generally, a larger contact surface improves liquid-gas integration, while contact time is also crucial. Proper integration cannot occur if the gas residence time in the integration phase is too short.
What are the dimensions and variations in which scrubbers are available?
Scrubbers vary significantly in size, with Ravebo designing custom systems from 350 to over 100,000 cubic meters per hour. Available in both horizontal and vertical configurations, each scrubber is carefully designed to meet specific application needs. Key factors considered in design include required and available mass transfer based on contact surface, pressure drop, removal efficiency, available space, and installation reliability.
How do packing materials impact absorption efficiency in scrubbers?
Absorption efficiency in scrubbers depends on the available contact area of all aggregated droplets for phase exchange. Both open-spray system scrubbers and packed bed scrubbers can be engineered for specific removal efficiencies. Scrubbers with random packing materials, such as Pall Rings or Raschig Rings, offer substantial surface area for effective contaminant absorption with the washing liquid. However, high-density packing materials that maximize contact surface also increase pressure drop significantly. In packed beds, a portion of the free volume becomes unavailable for gas flow, altering flow direction and further raising pressure drop. Such conditions may be suitable for applications like laboratory setups, pilot plants, or small-scale installations where energy costs are not critical.
Why using wet gas scrubbers with an open-spray system?
Scrubbers designed for large gas flows or gases with solids or viscous components are generally unsuitable for packing materials with a large contact surface area and reduced free volume. Such packing materials lead to high pressure losses and are prone to contamination, causing clogging or blockages. A solution is an open spray system, which operates without packing and uses multiple nozzles to generate droplets that provide an effective cumulative surface area, substituting for a packed scrubber. The kinetic energy of these droplets, in relation to gas velocity, enhances liquid-gas integration. Unlike packed scrubbers, open spray systems have significantly lower and consistent pressure loss, without contamination or clogging issues.
What is an open spray system in a scrubber?
An open spray system replaces conventional packing materials with multiple spray nozzles, enhancing interaction between the washing fluid and process gas for effective pollutant absorption. This eliminates the need for packing, which would otherwise increase pressure loss, resulting in exceptionally low and stable pressure loss. This scrubber is highly effective in handling fluctuating concentrations or peak emissions, and the liquid-to-gas ratio is less critical than in packed bed scrubbers.
Why using chemicals in a wet gas scrubber?
Using chemicals in a wet gas scrubber is sometimes essential for effective pollutant removal. Soluble pollutants can be removed with significant washing water in an open flush system, where water is continuously replaced rather than recirculated. However, this approach results in high water consumption, which is often not economically viable under current environmental regulations. Adding chemicals like alkalis (NaOH, KOH), acids (HCl, H2SO4), or oxidizers like hypochlorite (NaOCl) aids in neutralization or oxidation. The choice of chemicals depends on the specific pollutant properties.
What materials are used to construct scrubbers?
Materials used in scrubber construction depend on factors like footprint, pressure, temperature, and chemical corrosion resistance to ensure extended service life. Plastics offer benefits such as lightweight design, excellent corrosion resistance, low operational costs, and durability, but they are unsuitable for high pressures and temperatures. Stainless steel, although heavier, is often preferred for chemical scrubbers as it provides essential properties for a significantly prolonged service life.
What construction forms are used for scrubbers?
Scrubbers are built in various construction forms. A vertical countercurrent scrubber column is known for high efficiency in gas cleaning, thanks to extensive interaction between the scrubbing liquid and contaminated gas. These scrubbers can be customized to meet specific requirements, achieving exceptionally high purification levels. In contrast, horizontal scrubbers feature a washing chamber with either crossflow packing for integration or a counterflow open spray system. Horizontal scrubbers are valued for their straightforward design, making them a reliable solution.
What are the fundamental principles for choosing a type of scrubber?
The fundamental principles for choosing a scrubber type depend on space, efficiency requirements, and the nature of contaminants. Vertical scrubber columns are ideal for space-constrained areas requiring high efficiency, as they operate on a complete countercurrent principle. Conversely, horizontal scrubbers are suited for applications with high dirt and dust levels, where the crossflow principle is particularly effective. Although horizontal scrubbers require more surface area, they can be conveniently installed on production facility rooftops.
What is a vane type droplet separator?
A vane-type droplet separator features parallel, curved profiles that separate droplets through mass inertia, influenced by its geometric design. Commonly used in gas streams with high liquid loading or heavy contamination, vane-type separators are suitable for both vertical and horizontal setups. Their ability to achieve high separation rates with minimal pressure drop is a key advantage.
What is the difference between a horizontal and a vertical droplet separator?
The primary difference between horizontal and vertical vane-type droplet separators is in their structural configuration. In vertical separators, vanes are arranged horizontally or slightly inclined, directing liquid to flow downward against the upward-moving gas. This design includes low-velocity zones within the profiles to allow liquid droplets to accumulate without interference from the gas flow. As gas carrying droplets passes through the curved vanes, liquid droplets are redirected by mass inertia, enhancing separation. Separation efficiency depends on factors like vane geometry, gas and liquid properties, droplet size, and concentration.
What is a wire mesh demister?
The operational mechanism of a wire mesh demister relies on mass inertia, making it highly effective at isolating liquid droplets smaller than 10 microns. Composed of thin wires woven into a three-dimensional matrix, wire mesh demisters can be customized into various configurations for systems with vertical flow. As droplets pass through the filter mat, they collide with wire surfaces due to mass inertia, coalesce, and then fall as larger droplets. However, wire mesh demisters are generally unsuitable for highly contaminated gases.
What are random packings for absorption towers?
Random packings in absorption towers provide a large contact surface between gas and liquid, ensuring effective absorption. Countercurrent packed columns are most commonly used, with waste gas moving upwards against the downward-flowing washing liquid, creating resistance due to the packings. The pressure drop in the column depends on gas and liquid flow rates, as well as the packings' specific surface area and free volume.
What materials are random packings made of?
Ceramics were initially the primary material for random packings in absorption towers, but their susceptibility to damage, low volume-to-surface ratio, and high cost have reduced their usage. Today, metal and plastic packings are more common. Metal packings are generally unsuitable for corrosive substances like acid gases, while plastic packings are not ideal for high-temperature applications.
What means flooding of packings?
Flooding of packings occurs when gas flow rates exceed optimal limits, causing resistance to the washing liquid and preventing it from flowing freely through the column. This leads to an accumulation of washing liquid, blocking the gas surface and increasing pressure drop, which inhibits effective mixing of gas and liquid. Flooding happens when the packings become fully saturated with washing liquid, causing it to move upwards in the column. Most packed columns operate at 60-70% of the gas flood rate to avoid these conditions. Additionally, a minimum liquid flow rate is essential for adequate irrigation of packings and efficient mass transfer.
What is the function of liquid distributors?
Liquid distributors ensure even liquid distribution across packing materials, enhancing interaction between liquid and gas phases. Uniform flow is essential, and there are two main types of distributors: gravity-driven plates, spray nozzle systems, and perforated pipes. Spray nozzles are common but can produce a fine mist that gas flow may displace, are prone to clogging, and require high flow rates for effective distribution. Liquid distributors often consist of flat trays with gutters for gas passage and perforations for liquid flow. In taller columns, fluid redistributors are placed every 2,500 to 6,000 mm of packing height to collect liquid from the column walls and redirect it to the center, improving interaction in lower packing regions.
What are support plates?
Support plates provide a stable foundation for packing materials and often have a larger open surface area than the packing itself, utilizing space efficiently in all three dimensions. This design helps reduce pressure drop in high-flow-rate processes. Additionally, hold-down plates ensure that packing materials remain securely in place.
When to use old down plates?
Hold-down plates are essential for keeping packing materials stable within their designated areas. Without hold-down plates, random packings may become displaced and move downstream, a risk that, while rare, has been observed in certain operations. These plates secure random packings by counteracting the upward forces of the gas phase and utilizing their weight. Positioned above the random packings, bed limiters (or hold-down plates) prevent fluidization during process instability and limit packing movement, helping to maintain uninterrupted liquid flow.
How to distribute absorption liquids in scrubbers?
In scrubbers with random or structured packing, the absorption liquid can be distributed through methods such as a weir trough distributor, an orifice-pan distributor, or spray pipes. This ensures even distribution across the surface for optimal irrigation of the packing material. In open spray systems—without structured or random packing—a larger spray surface offsets the reduced reaction area. Specialized nozzles in this setup create a fine droplet spray pattern, significantly increasing the contact surface area.
What is the effect of the water quality in a wet gas scrubber?
In areas where hard water is predominant, using a water softener for makeup water is recommended, as water hardness affects scrubber efficiency. The washing liquid is recirculated and periodically drained, then replenished with fresh makeup water. If this fresh water contains high magnesium and calcium levels, it increases salt concentrations and hardness, as salts remain in the liquid buffer during discharge. A water de-ironing system can mitigate this issue. Otherwise, excessive discharge of washing liquid may be required, leading to unsustainable water consumption.